\nTóm t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung<\/label>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>
\u0110\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a><\/li>
\u0110\u00e8n Xenon v\u00e0 Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n
<\/span>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\u0110\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang Xenon th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng cao nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00e0 halogen kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng quang ph\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n xenon c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 6000 K (g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, n\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1edf v\u00f9ng quang ph\u1ed5 xanh lam-l\u1ee5c (440 \u0111\u1ebfn 540 nanomet) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf (685 \u0111\u1ebfn 700 nanomet), \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon 75 watt s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n 100 watt (HBO 100) t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0<\/b>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u00e8n\u00a0XBO (X\u00a0cho\u00a0Xe\u00a0ho\u1eb7c xenon;\u00a0B\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i;\u00a0O\u00a0cho l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940.\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n XBO 75 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (\u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon 75 watt) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n HBO 100 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 25% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00edt h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n. Kho\u1ea3ng 70% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 700 nanomet, trong khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 5% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 400 nanomet. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n xenon trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 40 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 atm) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a fluorophores khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c do \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng r\u1ed9ng trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n
<\/center>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e8n xenon t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b(th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng<\/b>), ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong v\u00f9ng 750 \u0111\u1ebfn 1000 nanomet c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i (xem H\u00ecnh 1). Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 475 nanomet trong v\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn.\u00a0Trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 400 \u0111\u1ebfn 700 nanomet, kho\u1ea3ng 85% t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n xenon t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong khi kho\u1ea3ng 15% ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch.\u00a0Quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u ra (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n xenon kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh x\u1ea3y ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda. \u0110\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n xenon v\u1eabn tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n XBO 75 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra quang th\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng 15 lumen tr\u00ean watt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i ph\u00fat sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed xenon b\u00ean trong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m trong v\u00f9ng h\u1ed3 quang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n xenon XBO 75 (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng<\/b>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0b\u00f3ng plasma<\/b> ) c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 0,3 x 0,5 mm v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m tia chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u00e8n. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 quang \u0111\u00e8n xenon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean l\u1ed7 kim ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00eda sau v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n XBO 75 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 2(a) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 quang th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong H\u00ecnh 2(b).\u00a0Trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i h\u1ed3 quang m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhanh \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, m\u1eabu c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng (H\u00ecnh 2(b)) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng quay tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi xung quanh \u0111\u00e8n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xung quanh s\u1ed1 0 v\u00e0 180\u00b0 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u01a1i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.\u00a0Trong \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n n\u1eb1m trong b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng quang ph\u1ed5 tr\u00ean 1000 nanomet v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 quang plasma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1.\u00a0S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 do di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.\u00a0H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn) b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 quang plasma, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i (tr\u00ean 700 nanomet).\u00a0C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 do \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
B\u1ea3ng 1: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t quang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang Xenon (XBO)<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong B\u1ea3ng 1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t quang \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng XBO 75 watt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh sau khi \u0111i qua d\u00e3y quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng miliwatt\/cm2\u00a0^{)<\/sup> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi (40x fluorite kh\u00f4, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 = 0,85) b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean photodiode. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 95% t\u1eeb 350 \u0111\u1ebfn 800 nanomet ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc hu\u1ef3nh quang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng qua v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng}k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 99 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gh\u00e9p ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, g\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u0103ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh trong d\u00e3y quang h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi soi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a> c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n XBO \u1edf c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n epi, c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 70 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n xenon l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.\u00a0\u1ede nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng (g\u00f3c l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 30\u00b0), c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, trong khi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng quay v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ed3 quang tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ngang (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc) t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ed3 quang c\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c s\u1edbm v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c.\u00a0Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n n\u1eb1m ngang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e8n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed3 quang trong \u0111\u00e8n n\u1eb1m ngang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nam ch\u00e2m h\u00ecnh que g\u1eafn song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e8n, ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc.\u00a0T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o h\u1ed3 quang xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xoay 180 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf th\u1eddi gian b\u00e1n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c h\u00f3a h\u01a1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc.\u00a0C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n xenon \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>.<\/p>\n
<\/center>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m quang th\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra do vonfram bay h\u01a1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh trong c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf theo th\u1eddi gian. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c t\u00edm tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e8n b\u1ecb l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e8n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u1ecb \u0111en s\u1edbm.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111en d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang ph\u1ed5 sang nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.\u00a0Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111en b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf do h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1eadm trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e8n nh\u01b0ng t\u0103ng nhanh \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.\u00a0C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n xenon bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p, g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111en kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.\u00a0Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n (do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian ch\u00e1y kho\u1ea3ng 30 ph\u00fat cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda.\u00a0N\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm ph\u00e1t ra gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 25%, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 quang t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 10% ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.\u00a0N\u00f3i chung, n\u00ean thay \u0111\u00e8n xenon khi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 25%.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0110\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\u0110\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u1ecf h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh elip bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ea1ch anh silic nung ch\u1ea3y, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quang h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong cao t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea1ch anh d\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u00e8n xenon th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha t\u1ea1p c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t xeri ho\u1eb7c titan dioxide \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra ozon trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Silica nung ch\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi 180 nanomet trong khi pha t\u1ea1p th\u1ee7y tinh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean 220 nanomet.\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n xenon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4z\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3\u00a0OFR<\/b>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, th\u1ea1ch anh d\u00f9ng cho v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n xenon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ti\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.\u00a0Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 500 \u0111\u1ebfn 700\u00b0 C, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi dung sai ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c anode v\u00e0 cathode trong \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb vonfram r\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim vonfram chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng pha t\u1ea1p oxit thori ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bari \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i vonfram tinh khi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon.\u00a0Vonfram cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e8n xenon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 quang c\u1ef1c cao (tr\u00ean 2000\u00b0 C \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng) g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m tr\u00ean v\u1ecf.\u00a0Do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i vonfram c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o.\u00a0Sau khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thanh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m molypden \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ee5c c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m vonfram r\u1eafn v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u do s\u1ef1 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c \u00e2m.\u00a0C\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cat\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e8n xenon nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 quang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u00a0Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c vonfram pha t\u1ea1p thori, \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3 quang tr\u00ean c\u1ef1c \u00e2m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 arc wander<\/b>\u00a0(xem H\u00ecnh 3(a)).\u00a0Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e8n b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f3a khi h\u1ed3 quang di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (H\u00ecnh 3(b)). Arc\u00a0flutter <\/b>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 quang b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi kh\u00ed xenon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1edfi h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u00ean trong(H\u00ecnh 3(c)). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u00e2m pha t\u1ea1p thori c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f2n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 1\/2% c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,05% m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u00e2m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3 quang trong su\u1ed1t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.\u00a0K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, sau khi \u0111\u00e8n xenon si\u00eau y\u00ean t\u0129nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong d\u00e3y quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>, nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n
<\/center>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ecbt k\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m \u0111\u00e8n, c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng molypden r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ecbt k\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c kim lo\u1ea1i.\u00a0M\u1ed9t con d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e9n nhi\u1ec7t \u1ed1ng th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0o l\u00e1 molypden trong m\u00e1y ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a.\u00a0Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n cao cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea1ch anh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 xung quanh l\u00e1 molypden \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ecbt k\u00edn kh\u00ed.\u00a0Sau khi b\u1ecbt k\u00edn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c trong v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 \u1ee7 c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng, v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p kh\u00ed xenon c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao (99,999 %) \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 10 atm th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p g\u1eafn v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u1ecf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c kh\u00ed xenon v\u00e0 th\u00e1o \u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p ra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc.\u00a0Sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u00e8n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p khi xenon tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u00e8n xenon bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1 niken \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i<\/b>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf<\/b>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0C\u00e1c \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 300\u00b0 C, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e8n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quang h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn linh ho\u1ea1t b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ebf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u00edn nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e8n do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c \u0111ai s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecbt k\u00edn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng carbon-graphite ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.\u00a0M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng n\u00e9n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng b\u1ecdc.\u00a0Sau khi l\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng s\u1eaft, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea5n quanh v\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n h\u00ecnh elip (xem H\u00ecnh 2).\u00a0D\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb niken m\u1ecfng, nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u00edch th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ion h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0110\u00e8n Xenon v\u00e0 Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e8n cho \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u1ef1c cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 50 atm) n\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.\u00a0V\u00ec \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang n\u1edf ra do nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0o v\u1ecf;\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea3i kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1ebbo ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1p (xem H\u00ecnh 4).\u00a0Bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e8n xenon ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e8n xenon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 750\u00b0C \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 250\u00b0C \u1edf c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebf.\u00a0Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao nhanh ch\u00f3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e8n s\u1edbm.\u00a0Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (d\u01b0\u1edbi 250 watt), l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u trong bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e8n th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea1t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cao (20 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 kilovolt) c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u00e8n xenon \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao trong c\u1ee5m d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 c\u00e1p c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 30 kilovolt.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch xa khung k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1) \u1edf g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
<\/center>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n xenon hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu b\u00ean trong k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.\u00a0C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc elip, h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 parabol ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 qua k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu th\u1eadp danh ngh\u0129a l\u00ean t\u1edbi 85%, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b10 \u0111\u1ebfn 20%.\u00a0C\u00e1c g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00f2 tia \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.\u00a0L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u01b0\u01a1ng thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i (nhi\u1ec7t) \u0111i qua. \u0110\u00e8n Xenon c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ch\u1eb7n tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u1ee7y tinh Schott BG38 ho\u1eb7c BG39 v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t\u00a0n\u00f3ng\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0l\u1ea1nh (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1), \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng) do nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y d\u00f2 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn trong m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y d\u00f2 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CCD, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1edd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e8n xenon th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00f3 song song (H\u00ecnh 4). T\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng tr\u1ee5c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 thu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 quang g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp b\u1edfi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.\u00a0C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5<\/b>\u00a0), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c tia song song tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0o ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 ph\u00eda sau v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0N\u00f3i chung, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 thu, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 ph\u00eda sau v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1eabu v\u1eadt g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 song song \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn.\u00a0L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e8n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eadp trung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh bao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n (g\u1ea7n h\u1ed3 quang) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.\u00a0H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e8n qu\u00e1 cao.\u00a0Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng cung sang b\u00ean n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n xenon x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u00e8n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. B\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda\u00a0\u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0Minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 5 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u00e8n ngu\u1ed3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (\u00a0DC<\/b>\u00a0) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\u00a0M\u1ea1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon, t\u00f9y theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p x d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n).\u00a0N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n) s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y.\u00a0M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi h\u1ed3 quang s\u1ebd t\u0103ng ch\u1eadm khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y n\u1ed5.\u00a0Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u1ed3 quang t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
<\/center>Khi \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang ngu\u1ed9i (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng), ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed xenon bao quanh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ion h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang.\u00a0Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c xung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (30 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 kilovolt) t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c.\u00a0M\u1ea1ch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9\u00a0k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/b>\u00a0v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t xung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e8n th\u00f4ng qua kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng (xem H\u00ecnh 5).\u00a0Sau khi h\u1ed3 quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n XBO 75 watt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 15 volt v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 ampe, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng theo c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n.\u00a0L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e8n XBO ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a khe h\u1edf h\u1ed3 quang, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t xenon v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9 g\u1ee3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang d\u00e0i.\u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3i cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 10% (\u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n xenon c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1edbi 3000 watt.<\/p>\n
B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n xenon chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1eb7c d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> nh\u1eb1m chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.\u00a0C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m Lambda LS (Sutter Instrument), k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e8n xenon, g\u01b0\u01a1ng parabol l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ecfng.\u00a0Lambda LS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t k\u00ednh l\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong, c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai g\u1eafn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Sutter, DG-4, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi 1-2 mili gi\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebf k\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec5u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebf n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 t\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb g\u01b0\u01a1ng parabol.\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng parabol th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ecfng.\u00a0M\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng xenon t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n: https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/lightsources\/xenonarc.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng ty Minh Khang l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> h\u00e3ng\u00a0 Carl ZEISS<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang Xenon th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng cao nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00e0 halogen kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10095,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10090"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10090"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10090\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11832,"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10090\/revisions\/11832"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gd-1.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}