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Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 carbohydrate. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tinh b\u1ed9t. Carbohydrate \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh monosacarit, polysacarit v\u00e0 mucopolysacarit. Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng – mucopolysacarit, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ee5n, da, m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00ec ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1eefa mao m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i\u00a0Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y axit<\/b> mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (th\u00eam nh\u00f3m carboxyl) ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (th\u00eam nh\u00f3m axit sunfuric). Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i kh\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y trung t\u00ednh<\/b> thi\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m axit v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch.\u00a0Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn Brunner c\u1ee7a t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng.\u00a0Ch\u00fang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, gi\u00fap h\u1ea5p thu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec1m cho c\u00e1c enzyme ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/span>Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y axit \u2013 3 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>1) Nhu\u1ed9m xanh Alcian<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
Nhu\u1ed9m xanh Alcian l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ea1o cho n\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh lam. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y \u00e2m. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 PH c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch Alcian cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit mucins.<\/p>\n
Ph 2.5<\/b> \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n- C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c carboxyl h\u00f3a (c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit th\u1ea5p) nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ee5n<\/li>\n
- T\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ed1c trong th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n Barrett<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ph 1.0<\/b> s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p sunfat h\u00f3a (c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit cao) trong:<\/p>\n